(James) Carrol Jameson (1830-1864), brother of my 3G Grandmother (Frances
(Jameson) Perry) died of apparent food poisoning. This is an interesting narrative,
of one H.M. Singleton, of his death.
From: "Operations of A.C. Earle's Cavalry Company, U.D.C. Vol. II, page 37-
39, Some Recollections of a Confederate Veteran, H.M. Singleton"
"I was a member of Capt. A.C. Earle's Company, made up of South Carolina soldiers
from Pickens, Anderson and Greenville. We were ordered to report to General W.E.
Jones, commanding a brigade of cavalry in West Virginia. We soon found ourselves into
it. Gen. Jones had orders to hold the railroad from Lynchburg, Virginia to Bristol,
Tennessee, at all hazards. That, every soldier knew, meant something. We had to ride
over rough mountains and cross large rough rivers, through the cold, wet, mud. Where
Gen. Jones was, there was his headquarters also. We had no winter quarters or tents.
We were moving all the time day and night.
In November, 1863, we were ordered to meet Gen. Longstreet at Knoxville, Tennessee,
which was a long rough march. I was put on provost guard with twenty-five of our
company at Bristol, Tennessee, to guard our army stores, depot, etc. We had to guard
prisoners and ship them to headquarters. On the 3rd of January, 1864, 12 of us boys
were detailed to carry 13 deserters from Longstreet back to their command, then
in camp at Morristown, Tennessee. We had three days rations in our haversacks,
blankets, guns and forty rounds of cartridges to carry. It was forty-five miles to
Morristown, through a thinly settled section of county filled with bushwhackers, which
made the journey all the more perilous. This trip was made on foot. We were formed in
a line and the prisoners in another, the order read out from headquarters to shoot if
any resistance was made by the deserters. It was the coldest weather we had ever saw
and remained so for about a month. It snowed every day or two and took 13 days to
make the trip. We were not used to walking and the snow and ice soon wore out our
shoes and socks and our feet were sore and bleeding, but we had no way to help it. We
arrived at Holston River at Rogersville. The ferryman informed us that it was a mile
across and mush ice floating in the river and it was hard for us to get along. We all got
over safe and found the snow ten inches deep with a thick crust on top. We tramped
hard that day in order to reach Morristown. Late in the evening we came in sight. We
reported to Gen. Jenkins and turned the prisoners over to the guard and went and drew
two days rations and camped there for the night. No pen can picture or tongue tell of
the suffering with cold and hunger, beside our blistering and bleeding feet. But it was
still worse getting back to the command. It was 85 miles back through snow and ice with
only two days rations and no chance to buy anything or nothing ot buy with. We got
back to Holston River that night and camped under a bluff near the bank and kept from
freezing by scuffling, jumping, and skinning a cat on a big oak limb. Next morning
the river froze over and we were compelled to cross on the ice. That day was clear with
awful cold wind.
We crossed the Holston River on the ice. After we had all crossed safely, we sat down
and gave thanks to our Heavenly Father. We marched on that day and camped out that
night and sent out two of our men to buy or beg something to eat, for we had eaten
frozen biscuit until we were tired of them. When they returned and informed us that they
had the promise of some warm biscuit and fresh mutton for breakfast it made us all feel
better. The weather was still very cold and we would not allow anyone to sleep for fear
of freezing. Next morning we got out the mutton and biscuit and divided it out soldier
fashion for we did not know when we would get any more and started on our march in a
big hurry for our time was out. But before we had gone five miles we all began to get
very sick and had nothing to give relief and nowhere to lie down except on the cold ice.
We soon found out that we had been poisoned for the cold biscuit had a peculiar smell
that would gag us. Now death was preferable to life. By vomiting up all we had eaten
and not drinking any water we all lived through the day and struck up at camp that night.
Next morning two of our men fell at the camp, James Barrott and Carroll Jamison,
neither of them could walk a step. Jamison died, Barrott survived.
We carried them to a house and left them with a good lady and she took care of
them. When Jamison died she had a nice walnut coffin made and buried him at a
Baptist Church.. His name was put on a board at the head of his grave and
marked as follows,"Carroll Jamison of Co. B, 37th Batallion Va. Cav., of Capt. A.C.
Earle's Co., S.C." Barrott reported for duty in about 15 days. We had been gone so
long and marched so long in the cold that we were unable for duty sometimes.
We spent the winter and spring scouting the country around Bristol, Tennessee, to the
Cumberland Gap, taking many prisoners and a number of army stores and forage. The
suffering of the soldiers that winter will never be told.
Early in the spring we moved to Saltville, Virginia, still guarding the railroad and other
public works along that road. We routed them at that place but they kept cutting through
and going on until we captured everything they had and routed them completely. Capt.
Earle was ordered to Saltville again to guard the salt works, for that was an important
place for it supplied the southern army with salt. I shall never forget Capt. Earle for he
was kind. He did not allow any of his company to suffer if he could avoid it. May the
Lord reward him for his kindness to us all. May the Lord bless all the officers of our
company. I will always remember Lieut. J.A. Griffin and Orderly T.P. Looper for that
noble sprit they exhibited with many others. Some have crossed the river."
Notes about H.M. Singleton:
Enlisted in Greenville, S. C. June 10, 1863, in Co. B., 27th Virginia Cavalry. He was
absent, wounded on Nov. 1863-Aug 1864 roll. Admitted Richmond Hosp. Aug 16,
1864.
H.M. Singleton is not found in A.C. Earle's Company in Broadfoot's Guide to Men in
Service from South Carolina. He is listed as having served in the Twenty-Sixth S.C.V.
There is also a Henry M. Singleton listed in Company G of Orr's Rifles. Carroll Jamison
and James Barrott are not shown in the company rolls either. C. Jamison is listed as
having served in Company C of the Sixteenth S.C.V. and there is a Carrol Jamison
listed as serving in Company E of the Second South Carolina Rifles. The Rifles
would have been with Jenkins Brigade, the unit the prisoners were delivered to.
James Barrott is listed as serving with First S.C. Artillery spelled as James Barrett.
Carroll Jamison is listed in Broken Fortunes by Kirkland as having died in
Tennessee serving with Company B of the Thirty-Seventh Virginia Cavalry. This
illustrates perfectly the imperfections of the information found in the Compiled Service
Records and other service records of the Confederate Era. It also shows the importance
of alternate sources like the U.D.C. books, Confederate Veteran, and the Southern
Historical Journal.
Wednesday, August 20, 2014
Friday, May 2, 2014
When Mother died, what happened to the children?
When Grandmother, Martha Eugenia (Boatwright) Rockholt, died in 1928 the children were farmed out to various family members and friends. Trying to find just where and with who they went is proving to be a real challenge.
I did manage to find Uncles Fred Allen (1912-1986) and Robert Earl (1915-2003). In 1930 they are found in the census for Big Springs, Benton County, Arkansas, Monte Ne. The census is annotated Ozark Industrial College. The boys, then 18 and 16, are found in the residence of Rev. Arther and Nellie Williams, minister at Holnest Church. The Ozark Industrial College and School of Theology operated from 1927 to 1932. Housed in two large log hotels (which had previously operated as resort hotels), ran by Dan Webster Evans under the sponsorship of the Pentecostal Holiness Church.
The fifteen acre location was self sufficient, the students maintaining the gardens and performing household chores for their room and board. The boys were housed in one of the units, while the girls were housed in the other. It seems that the school was not able to maintain the mortage payments and they were closed down. The buildings and amphitheater were consumed by Beaver Lake in the early 1960's.
Uncle Fred was a lemo driver, a deputy sheriff for a while, and mostly ranch foreman. Uncle Robert was in construction, mostly industrial and agricultural buildings as I remember, but I did not have a lot of interaction with his family.
The Amphitheater at Monte Ne
Part of the Monte Ne complex
Information on the Ozark Industrial College:
Information on William "Coin" Harvey, builder of Mount Ne:
Grace Rockholt (1920-1980) the youngest of the two girls, is found in 1930 Springfield, Greene County, Missouri census in the household of Edward F. and Annie Jackson. Annie's maiden name was Boatwright, she was the sister to Grace's mother (my grandmother) Martha Eugenia Boatwright. Best I can figure out Annie's name was Jo Annie Mable Boatwright (10 Feb 1881 - 29 Oct 1939); married Edward 27 Jan 1901.
Grace was injured during WW II while serving in the Womens Army Corps (WAC). As I remember being told, she fell from a second story window while washing windows and was paralized from the injuries.
I have yet to find any information on where Arbie Lee and the youngest boy, Joseph David Rockholt were sent when their mother died.
Additional Information:
I have since found JD: (Joseph David Rockholt, b. 20 Apr 1927) In 1930 Porun, Muskogee, Okla census with Sam Wiley and wife Susie Elizabeth (Boatwright), his mother's sister. (He is listed as Uncle, additional annotation as "relative"). In 1940 he is still with Sam and Susie in Porum (as Jonah Rockholt). In 1945 he enlisted in the Army at the age of (just barely) 18. He is in and out of the military, serving two additional enlistments in the Air Force. Arbie is still in the wind, I cannot locate her early life.
I did manage to find Uncles Fred Allen (1912-1986) and Robert Earl (1915-2003). In 1930 they are found in the census for Big Springs, Benton County, Arkansas, Monte Ne. The census is annotated Ozark Industrial College. The boys, then 18 and 16, are found in the residence of Rev. Arther and Nellie Williams, minister at Holnest Church. The Ozark Industrial College and School of Theology operated from 1927 to 1932. Housed in two large log hotels (which had previously operated as resort hotels), ran by Dan Webster Evans under the sponsorship of the Pentecostal Holiness Church.
The fifteen acre location was self sufficient, the students maintaining the gardens and performing household chores for their room and board. The boys were housed in one of the units, while the girls were housed in the other. It seems that the school was not able to maintain the mortage payments and they were closed down. The buildings and amphitheater were consumed by Beaver Lake in the early 1960's.
Uncle Fred was a lemo driver, a deputy sheriff for a while, and mostly ranch foreman. Uncle Robert was in construction, mostly industrial and agricultural buildings as I remember, but I did not have a lot of interaction with his family.
Information on the Ozark Industrial College:
Information on William "Coin" Harvey, builder of Mount Ne:
Grace Rockholt (1920-1980) the youngest of the two girls, is found in 1930 Springfield, Greene County, Missouri census in the household of Edward F. and Annie Jackson. Annie's maiden name was Boatwright, she was the sister to Grace's mother (my grandmother) Martha Eugenia Boatwright. Best I can figure out Annie's name was Jo Annie Mable Boatwright (10 Feb 1881 - 29 Oct 1939); married Edward 27 Jan 1901.
Grace was injured during WW II while serving in the Womens Army Corps (WAC). As I remember being told, she fell from a second story window while washing windows and was paralized from the injuries.
I have yet to find any information on where Arbie Lee and the youngest boy, Joseph David Rockholt were sent when their mother died.
Additional Information:
I have since found JD: (Joseph David Rockholt, b. 20 Apr 1927) In 1930 Porun, Muskogee, Okla census with Sam Wiley and wife Susie Elizabeth (Boatwright), his mother's sister. (He is listed as Uncle, additional annotation as "relative"). In 1940 he is still with Sam and Susie in Porum (as Jonah Rockholt). In 1945 he enlisted in the Army at the age of (just barely) 18. He is in and out of the military, serving two additional enlistments in the Air Force. Arbie is still in the wind, I cannot locate her early life.
Thursday, May 1, 2014
Martha Eugenia Boatwright
My paternal Grandmother, Martha (Mattie) Eugenia Boatwright, was born on July 26th, 1891 in Franklin, Stone County, Arkansas. Her father, Marcellus, was 42 and her mother, Mary Hooper, was 40. She married my grandfather, Walter William Rockholt on April 24th, 1908, three months short of her seventeenth birthday. (27 July 2014: I have since determined that grandfather's name was actually William Walter, not Walter William.)
In 1910 (U.S. Census, May 1910) my grandparents are living with Mattie's family in Martin Township, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, along with my father, William Franklin who is just a little over a year old. 1920 census has the family, Walter, Mattie, William (Dad), and two brothers, Fred and Robert, sister, Arbie Lee, and Grandfather's brother, Uncle Clint, in Diamond, Haskell County, Oklahoma.
Grandmother died on the 25th of May, 1928 in Sebastian County Arkansas. Dad had already left home, the other children were scattered about with friends and family. Granddad, a gospel minister, bounced around a lot, often spending time with his children and their families. He died in Arizona October 1980.
The Boatwright line traces back to England in the mid 1600's, and probably (but unproven) to the early Viking settlements in Northern France in the late 9th century. The Normans were Vikings who began to settle in northern France in the late 9th century. They soon adopted the French language and Christianity. The Normans protected the French coast from foreign attacks. In the year 1066 an army of Normans under Duke William (later called "the Conqueror" crossed the English Channel and defeated the English king Harold at the Battle of Hastings. Among the Normans were ship carpenters known as "Boatwrights". The earliest reference to this surname dates back to the fifteenth century where one John Botewright is recorded as living in Suffolk County, England in 1469. The family name is found as Botewright, Botrite, Boatwright and Boatright in various documents and records.
In the late 1640's England was in turmoil. The English civil war had just ended, the victorious Puritans would soon behead King Charles I and Oliver Cromwell was having fits trying to establish his protectorate. Supporters of the monarchy found that England was no longer a safe haven for them. They could loose their wealth and even their lives if they remained in England.
I believe "our" John Boatwright is the same John Boatwright baptized on October 8th, 1609 at All Saints Church, Thorpe Abbots, Norfolk, England, the son of Robert and Elizabeth. This is based on the fact that Robert and Elizabeth had a daughter Lettice and when John grew up and married Elizabeth Cropley, they named their second daughter Lettice, probably in honor of John's sister. The name is unusual enough that this surely is a connection. John and Elizabeth had three children, Elizabeth, John and Lattice; Elizabeth and the girls were all buried at Saint Edward King and Martyr Church in Cambridge, England.
While I can only surmise the reasoning for John Boatwright Jr. to leave England for the new world, he did leave, arriving in Virginia as an indentured servant in 1654. Three years later he imported eight individuals including two uncles (Thomas and William Cropley - younger brothers of his mother, Elizabeth Cropley) and his father, John Botwright, Sr. Branches of the family migrated west in Virginia, to the counties of Cumberland and then Buckingham, then into North Carolina and South Carolina during the second half of the 1700s. Martha's great grandfather, Daniel David was established in Elbert County Georgia in 1813 when he married Elizabeth Carpenter, their son, Joshua, married Angeline Drake in 1848. Martha's father, Marcellus Chesley Boatwright, married Mary Elizabeth Hooper on September 30th, 1880, Jackson County Alabama. Martha was born in Franklin, Stone County Arkansas, she and Granddad were married in Franklin County.
In 1910 (U.S. Census, May 1910) my grandparents are living with Mattie's family in Martin Township, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, along with my father, William Franklin who is just a little over a year old. 1920 census has the family, Walter, Mattie, William (Dad), and two brothers, Fred and Robert, sister, Arbie Lee, and Grandfather's brother, Uncle Clint, in Diamond, Haskell County, Oklahoma.
Grandmother died on the 25th of May, 1928 in Sebastian County Arkansas. Dad had already left home, the other children were scattered about with friends and family. Granddad, a gospel minister, bounced around a lot, often spending time with his children and their families. He died in Arizona October 1980.
The Boatwright line traces back to England in the mid 1600's, and probably (but unproven) to the early Viking settlements in Northern France in the late 9th century. The Normans were Vikings who began to settle in northern France in the late 9th century. They soon adopted the French language and Christianity. The Normans protected the French coast from foreign attacks. In the year 1066 an army of Normans under Duke William (later called "the Conqueror" crossed the English Channel and defeated the English king Harold at the Battle of Hastings. Among the Normans were ship carpenters known as "Boatwrights". The earliest reference to this surname dates back to the fifteenth century where one John Botewright is recorded as living in Suffolk County, England in 1469. The family name is found as Botewright, Botrite, Boatwright and Boatright in various documents and records.
In the late 1640's England was in turmoil. The English civil war had just ended, the victorious Puritans would soon behead King Charles I and Oliver Cromwell was having fits trying to establish his protectorate. Supporters of the monarchy found that England was no longer a safe haven for them. They could loose their wealth and even their lives if they remained in England.
I believe "our" John Boatwright is the same John Boatwright baptized on October 8th, 1609 at All Saints Church, Thorpe Abbots, Norfolk, England, the son of Robert and Elizabeth. This is based on the fact that Robert and Elizabeth had a daughter Lettice and when John grew up and married Elizabeth Cropley, they named their second daughter Lettice, probably in honor of John's sister. The name is unusual enough that this surely is a connection. John and Elizabeth had three children, Elizabeth, John and Lattice; Elizabeth and the girls were all buried at Saint Edward King and Martyr Church in Cambridge, England.
While I can only surmise the reasoning for John Boatwright Jr. to leave England for the new world, he did leave, arriving in Virginia as an indentured servant in 1654. Three years later he imported eight individuals including two uncles (Thomas and William Cropley - younger brothers of his mother, Elizabeth Cropley) and his father, John Botwright, Sr. Branches of the family migrated west in Virginia, to the counties of Cumberland and then Buckingham, then into North Carolina and South Carolina during the second half of the 1700s. Martha's great grandfather, Daniel David was established in Elbert County Georgia in 1813 when he married Elizabeth Carpenter, their son, Joshua, married Angeline Drake in 1848. Martha's father, Marcellus Chesley Boatwright, married Mary Elizabeth Hooper on September 30th, 1880, Jackson County Alabama. Martha was born in Franklin, Stone County Arkansas, she and Granddad were married in Franklin County.
Friday, April 4, 2014
Great Great Grandfather's Mother's family
My Great Great Grandfather, Joshua Boatwright was born 1823 in Elbert, Georgia. I didn’t have much problem tracing his paternal line back beyond the original Boatwright immigrant, John Boatwright (1635 Fressingfield, Suffolk Co, England – 1704 New Kent, Virginia).
Joshua’s mother, Elizabeth Carpenter (1800 Madison, Virginia – 1864 Murray, Georgia) proved to be a bit more challenging. Searching other Boatwright trees on Ancestry I found a reference to a German settlement, “Germania” in Virginia. Seems a small band of German miners and their families were brought over by Lt Governor Alexander Spotswood (later Governor of Virginia) in 1714 to work in the silver mines, indentured for four years. Additional settlers arrived from Germany over the next several years. This small settlement is well documented in Virginia history.
Elizabeth is descended from John Carpenter (born Johannes Zimmerman but “naturalized” as John Carpenter), born 1700, Dingolfing-Landau, Germany, and Anna Barbara Kerker, who was the daughter of a member of the second settlers of Germania. This map of Madison County shows the holdings of John Carpenter and that of Andrew Kerker (who I believe is Anna's father).
Beyond John and Anna remains unproven but it appears that John’s family is probably of Swiss origin, probably of one Michael Zimmerman, 1617 Steffisburg, Bern, Switzerland and his wife Benedicta. There’s still more digging to prove this theory.
Working forward from John:
John Carpenter (Johannes Zimmerman); 1700 Germany-1782 Culpepper, Va
His wife: Anna Barbara Kerker
John Carpenter Jr.; 1727 Va-1795 Va
His wife: Unknown
John Carpenter III; 1749 Va-1804 Va
His wife: Susanna Delph
Jashua Carpenter; 1771 Va-1843 Va
His wife: Leah (Schmidt) Smith
Elizabeth Carpenter; 1790 Va-1864 Ga
Her husband: Daniel Boatwright; 1777 Va-1856 Ga
Their son, Joshua, my Great Great Grandfather, was named after Elizabeth’s father.
Joshua R. Boatwright; 1823 Elbert, Ga - 1900 Alabama
Angeline P. Drake; 1828 North Carolina - 1900 Alabama
Marcellus C. Boatwright; 1849 Murray, Ga - 1911 Franklin, Arkansas
Mary E. Hooper; 15 Sep 1850 Etowah, Ala - 24 Oct 1910 Porum, Muskogee, Okla
Martha Eugena Boatwright; 26 Jul 1891 Franklin, Ark - 25 May 1928 Hartford, Sebastan, Ark
William Walter Rockholt; 6 Dec 1887 North Fork White River, Ark - 1 Oct 1980 Phoenix, Ariz
My Parents:
William Franklin Rockholt; 16 Jan 1909, Arkansas City, Ark - 26 Dec 1971 Arvin, Kern, Calif
Bertha Lillian Perry; 14 Mar 1913 Keota, Haskell, Okla - 7 Oct 2004 Arvin, Kern, Calif
Saturday, March 8, 2014
LIVINGSTON COUNTY MISSOURI CEMETERY RECORDS
Name: John Rockhold
Death Date: 21 Jul 1877
Age: 63 yr., 6 mo., 27 da.
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Mary A. Rockhold
Death Date: 06 Aug 1886
Age: 64 yr., 5 mo., 25 da.
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Mary O. Rockhold
Death Date: 07 Feb 1896
Age: 70 yr., 8m
wife of James C.
Cemetery: Blue Mound Cemetery
Description: South of Chillicothe, Missouri
Name: James C. Rockhold
Birth Date: 18 Nov 1828
Death Date: 06 Dec 1903
Cemetery: Blue Mound Cemetery
Description: South of Chillicothe, Missouri
Name: Jno. Rockhold
Death Date: 05 Jan 1875
Age: 44 yr., 7 mo., 13 da.
Cemetery: Blue Mound Cemetery
Description: South of Chillicothe, Missouri
Name: Samuel Rockhold
Birth Date: 08 Apr 1843
Death Date: 05 Jun 1905
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: James Rockhold
Birth Date: 1846
Death Date: 1928
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Mary Catherine Knox Rockhold
Birth Date: 08 Nov 1847
Death Date: 11 Jun 1887
wife of Spencer C.
Cemetery: Blue Mound Cemetery
Description: South of Chillicothe, Missouri
Name: Annie Rockhold
Birth Date: 18 Mar 1848
Death Date: 07 Feb 1923
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Spencer Gregory Rockhold
Birth Date: 21 Oct 1849
Death Date: 23 Sep 1879
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Asa T. Rockhold
Birth Date: 22 Aug 1851
Death Date: 02 Aug 1941
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Nancy Virginia Rockhold
Birth Date: 23 Aug 1856
Death Date: 11 Sep 1947
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Adelia B. Rockhold
Birth Date: 1871
Death Date: 1914
wife of Albert
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Lloyd Rockhold
Death Date: 01 Nov 1873
son of L. & J., (Stone buried)
Cemetery: Blue Mound Cemetery
Description: South of Chillicothe, Missouri
Name: Albert Rockhold
Birth Date: 1875
Death Date: 1937
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Johnny H. Rockhold
Birth Date: 1882
Death Date: 1891
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Herbert K. Rockhold
Birth Date: 28 Feb 1885
Death Date: 24 Feb 1955
Cemetery: Mooresville
Description: Mooresville, Mo.
Name: Buford J. Rockhold
Birth Date: 1887
Death Date: 1914
Cemetery: Mooresville
Description: Mooresville, Mo.
Name: Eva D. Rockhold
Birth Date: 1887
his wife
Cemetery: Mooresville
Description: Mooresville, Mo.
Name: Stella May Rockhold
Birth Date: 14 Sep 1891
Death Date: 24 Jan 1927
Cemetery: Mooresville
Description: Mooresville, Mo.
Name: Bessie Rockhold
Death Date: 1894
dau. of Julian and Leora
Cemetery: Mooresville
Description: Mooresville, Mo.
Name: Inf. sonRockhold
Death Date: 24 Oct 1904
of A. and A. B.
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Inf. dau.Rockhold
Death Date: 07 Jul 1910
of Mr. and Mrs. H. K.
Cemetery: Mooresville
Description: Mooresville, Mo.
Name: Lucille B. Rockhold
Birth Date: 14 Mar
Death Date: 10 Aug 1913
dau. of Frank and Edna
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Frank B. Rockhold
Birth Date: 1916
Death Date: 1934
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Name: Jane C. Rockhold
Birth Date: 184??
Death Date: 1932
Cemetery: Utica
Description: Chula, Mo.
Saturday, March 1, 2014
The United States Census
On the first of March, 1790, Congress passed the act for the first national census of the United States. Data collected was to include the name of the head of family, free white males sixteen and over (to access the countries industrial and military potential), free white males under sixteen, free white females and all other free persons and slaves.
Collected data from the thirteen states and the territories showed a total population of 3,893,635 (Just slightly more than the present population of Los Angeles.). This included 694,280 slaves. Both President Washington and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson expressed skepticism as to the accuracy, believing the true count would be higher. Considering the rural nature of the country, the lack of transportation and roadways, they were probably right. While much of the original data (the actual data sheets) has been destroyed, the facts of the count have survived in secondary sources.
Until 1850 the census data did not provide very much information helpful in tracing one’s family history. Changes in 1850 data included the collection of all individual’s names, sex, age and color. In later census you can find additional data such as marital status, place of birth, education and occupation.
The 1890 census records were damaged in part in a fire in 1921. While only an estimated 15-20 percent was destroyed in the fire, the remaining were destroyed in 1932 when the librarian failed to identify the documents as which should be retained for historical purposes. Since 1890 had been processed (for the first time) using machine readable medium (punch cards), it might have been thought that the actual paper data was of no practical use.
Census data collection is governed by various laws, as such they are protected as “privileged information”. The 1940 census is the latest data that has been released for public viewing. The 1950 data will not be available for several years.
While census data can be a tremendous source when searching our ancestry, it can also prove to be a headache. Caution must be exercised since so many of our ancestral families were closely related and many children of a generation carry the same name. Care must also be given when searching the census data using the on-line data bases. Too often the data is indexed incorrectly. The physical pages (microfilm) should be reviewed whenever possible. Even the physical pages will very often have mistakes, I have found Rockholt recorded as Rockhole, Rockhold, and Rockwell. Variances in age are not uncommon, and even misrepresentation of one’s sex. By comparing previous and subsequent census data you can often resolve any issues that exist.
Collected data from the thirteen states and the territories showed a total population of 3,893,635 (Just slightly more than the present population of Los Angeles.). This included 694,280 slaves. Both President Washington and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson expressed skepticism as to the accuracy, believing the true count would be higher. Considering the rural nature of the country, the lack of transportation and roadways, they were probably right. While much of the original data (the actual data sheets) has been destroyed, the facts of the count have survived in secondary sources.
Until 1850 the census data did not provide very much information helpful in tracing one’s family history. Changes in 1850 data included the collection of all individual’s names, sex, age and color. In later census you can find additional data such as marital status, place of birth, education and occupation.
The 1890 census records were damaged in part in a fire in 1921. While only an estimated 15-20 percent was destroyed in the fire, the remaining were destroyed in 1932 when the librarian failed to identify the documents as which should be retained for historical purposes. Since 1890 had been processed (for the first time) using machine readable medium (punch cards), it might have been thought that the actual paper data was of no practical use.
Census data collection is governed by various laws, as such they are protected as “privileged information”. The 1940 census is the latest data that has been released for public viewing. The 1950 data will not be available for several years.
While census data can be a tremendous source when searching our ancestry, it can also prove to be a headache. Caution must be exercised since so many of our ancestral families were closely related and many children of a generation carry the same name. Care must also be given when searching the census data using the on-line data bases. Too often the data is indexed incorrectly. The physical pages (microfilm) should be reviewed whenever possible. Even the physical pages will very often have mistakes, I have found Rockholt recorded as Rockhole, Rockhold, and Rockwell. Variances in age are not uncommon, and even misrepresentation of one’s sex. By comparing previous and subsequent census data you can often resolve any issues that exist.
Tuesday, February 25, 2014
Anne Hutchinson
Often times we encounter the “brick wall”; there’s just no source data to prove lineage beyond an individual. This frequently happens when we work our way back to the mid 1800’s when census data becomes very “non-informing”. But, sometimes, not often but it does happen, you find a line that is so very well documented that you feel you can almost write a book on the family history.
I had pretty much given up on the male side of Dad’s line and started to look into the maternal lines. My sixth great grandmother, Sarah Dryer, lead me to her father, William Dryer and to his mother, Anne Hutchinson. Anne Hutchinson was a name I recognized from my reading early New England religious history – could this Anne be a relative of “the Anne Hutchinson” of Boston and Long Island?
My Anne was easily linked to her father Edward who was the son of William Hutchinson and Anne (Marbury) Hutchinson, the one in the history books.
William and Anne left England for Massachusetts to follow their son and Anne’s Puritan minister John Cotton, who had been at odds with the Anglican church. Anne began to minister to her ladies group, soon even some of the Boston men folks began to join her flock. Eventually she fell out of accord with the established church and was preaching it was OK to make a profit on one’s business and labor. Fearing that Antinonioans (including Anne) would cause social chaos, allowing individual conscience to replace clerical and civil authority as the standard for public conduct, the majority “orthodox” Puritans elected John Winthrop governor. Those who followed the Antinonian way were denied government office, lost favor in the courts, and were banished from the colony.
Anne appeared in court to defend herself, however she also declared herself the recipient of direct revelations from God. This direct communion with God was felt to be the vilest heresy and her doom was sealed. She was banished as a woman “not fit for society”. Shortly thereafter she and the family moved to Rhode Island where she freely continued her ministry. Upon the death of William she, along with her six younger children, moved to Long Island, eventually to the New Netherland (New York) mainland, where, in the summer of 1643, she and all but one of her children were killed in an Indian attack.
The creed of Anne Hutchinson finds it’s presence in the evolution of the Protestant church in America, emphasizing the ability to follow the dictates of one’s own conscience in matters of belief.
A life sized statue of Anne and her daughter Savannah (who survived the Indian attack) is in Boston, in front of the state house. The principles of Antinonian belief were adapted to the Portsmouth Compact of 1638. This compact is generally regarded as the earliest form of government to allow and insure civil and religious freedom. Anne’s son Edward was a signer of the Compact.
Anne and William’s descendants include a long list of prominent Americans: Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, George H.W. and George W. Bush, Presidential aspirants Steven A. Douglas, George W. Romney and Mitt Romney; early governors, supreme court justices, university presidents, and her great great grandson, Thomas Hutchinson was the loyalist governor of Massachusetts at the time of the Boston Tea party.
In 1914 John Champlin published Anne’s ancestry, showing her descent on her father’s side from Charlemagne and Alfred the Great. Her mother’s side descends from Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.
I had pretty much given up on the male side of Dad’s line and started to look into the maternal lines. My sixth great grandmother, Sarah Dryer, lead me to her father, William Dryer and to his mother, Anne Hutchinson. Anne Hutchinson was a name I recognized from my reading early New England religious history – could this Anne be a relative of “the Anne Hutchinson” of Boston and Long Island?
My Anne was easily linked to her father Edward who was the son of William Hutchinson and Anne (Marbury) Hutchinson, the one in the history books.
William and Anne left England for Massachusetts to follow their son and Anne’s Puritan minister John Cotton, who had been at odds with the Anglican church. Anne began to minister to her ladies group, soon even some of the Boston men folks began to join her flock. Eventually she fell out of accord with the established church and was preaching it was OK to make a profit on one’s business and labor. Fearing that Antinonioans (including Anne) would cause social chaos, allowing individual conscience to replace clerical and civil authority as the standard for public conduct, the majority “orthodox” Puritans elected John Winthrop governor. Those who followed the Antinonian way were denied government office, lost favor in the courts, and were banished from the colony.
Anne appeared in court to defend herself, however she also declared herself the recipient of direct revelations from God. This direct communion with God was felt to be the vilest heresy and her doom was sealed. She was banished as a woman “not fit for society”. Shortly thereafter she and the family moved to Rhode Island where she freely continued her ministry. Upon the death of William she, along with her six younger children, moved to Long Island, eventually to the New Netherland (New York) mainland, where, in the summer of 1643, she and all but one of her children were killed in an Indian attack.
The creed of Anne Hutchinson finds it’s presence in the evolution of the Protestant church in America, emphasizing the ability to follow the dictates of one’s own conscience in matters of belief.
A life sized statue of Anne and her daughter Savannah (who survived the Indian attack) is in Boston, in front of the state house. The principles of Antinonian belief were adapted to the Portsmouth Compact of 1638. This compact is generally regarded as the earliest form of government to allow and insure civil and religious freedom. Anne’s son Edward was a signer of the Compact.
Anne and William’s descendants include a long list of prominent Americans: Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, George H.W. and George W. Bush, Presidential aspirants Steven A. Douglas, George W. Romney and Mitt Romney; early governors, supreme court justices, university presidents, and her great great grandson, Thomas Hutchinson was the loyalist governor of Massachusetts at the time of the Boston Tea party.
In 1914 John Champlin published Anne’s ancestry, showing her descent on her father’s side from Charlemagne and Alfred the Great. Her mother’s side descends from Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.
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